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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
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Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
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Electrogram morphology recurrence patterns during atrial fibrillation.

Jason Ng1, David Gordon1, Rod S Passman1

  • 1Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Heart Rhythm
|August 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Morphology recurrence plot analysis reveals repeatable electrogram patterns in atrial fibrillation (AF). This new method may help identify critical AF sources for more effective ablation strategies.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationElectrogramsMappingSignal processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Traditional atrial fibrillation (AF) mapping faces challenges due to fluctuating electrogram morphologies and variable cycle lengths.
  • Identifying stable electrogram patterns is crucial for understanding AF mechanisms and improving ablation outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that morphology recurrence plot analysis can identify atrial sites with stable and repeatable electrogram morphology patterns.
  • To evaluate the potential of this novel technique in characterizing AF substrate.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed AF electrograms from left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) sites in 19 patients prior to ablation.
  • Created morphology recurrence plots using cross-correlation of detected activations to assess pattern repeatability.
  • Computed recurrence percentage, most common morphology percentage, and mean cycle length of recurrent morphologies.

Main Results:

  • Morphology recurrence plots frequently displayed checkerboard patterns, indicating periodic morphological recurrences.
  • The mean recurrence percentage across all sites was 38 ± 25%, with the highest per patient averaging 83 ± 17%.
  • Higher recurrence percentages were more common in the LA (14 patients) than RA (5 patients). Patients with shortest mean cycle lengths in the LA and RA showed ablation failure rates of 25% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • A novel electrogram morphology recurrence technique demonstrates varying degrees of pattern repeatability across atrial sites.
  • Rapidly activating, highly repetitive morphology sites may be critical in sustaining AF.
  • Further investigation of this mapping approach for AF source identification and ablation is warranted.