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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Vitamins01:30

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Hemoglobin01:24

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

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Vitamin D: hero or hype.

Norman B Duerbeck1, David D Dowling1, Jillinda M Duerbeck2

  • 1Board Certified OB/GYN and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Partner, Specialty Obstetrics of San Diego, San Diego, CA; Perinatologist, Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Newborns, San Diego, CA.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to many health issues, including bone, heart, and brain diseases. This review covers vitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly linked to numerous health conditions.
  • Observational studies suggest associations with skeletal, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders, cancer, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiology of vitamin D.
  • To outline clinical signs of vitamin D imbalance (deficiency and excess).
  • To examine the scientific literature on vitamin D's purported health benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiological and clinical data.
  • Analysis of observational studies on vitamin D and disease.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding vitamin D's health effects.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions.
  • Inadequate and excessive vitamin D levels present distinct clinical signs.
  • A broad spectrum of diseases are purportedly influenced by vitamin D status.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding vitamin D physiology is essential for interpreting its clinical relevance.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the causal role of vitamin D in various diseases.
  • Evidence supporting widespread health benefits requires careful evaluation.