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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

2.9K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
1.9K
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
2.7K
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

6.0K
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
6.0K
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

7.1K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
7.1K
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

4.5K
Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
4.5K

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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

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Vitamin C: Promises Not Kept.

Norman B Duerbeck1, David D Dowling1, Jillinda M Duerbeck2

  • 1Board-Certified OB/GYN and Maternal Fetal Medicine and Partner, Specialty Obstetrics of San Diego and Perinatologist, Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Newborns.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines the evidence for vitamin C's health benefits, including preventing colds and reducing risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease. It explores the scientific mechanisms behind these potential advantages.

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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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Improved UPLC-UV Method for the Quantification of Vitamin C in Lettuce Varieties Lactuca sativa L. and Crop Wild Relatives Lactuca spp.
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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a vital nutrient with proposed roles in numerous physiological processes.
  • Anecdotal and preliminary evidence suggests vitamin C may impact various health outcomes.
  • Understanding the scientific basis for these claims is crucial for public health recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the scientific evidence supporting vitamin C's purported health benefits.
  • To review the proposed biological mechanisms underlying these potential effects.
  • To provide an evidence-based overview of vitamin C's role in health and disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of existing studies on vitamin C and various health conditions.
  • Analysis of proposed biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data and epidemiological evidence.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for vitamin C in preventing or treating the common cold is inconsistent.
  • Potential benefits in reducing preterm delivery and preeclampsia require further investigation.
  • Limited but suggestive evidence exists for vitamin C's role in mitigating cancer and cardiovascular disease risks.
  • The impact on blindness and dementia is largely speculative and lacks robust support.

Conclusions:

  • While vitamin C is essential, many claimed health benefits require more rigorous scientific validation.
  • Further research is needed to confirm efficacy and establish optimal dosages for specific conditions.
  • Current evidence does not strongly support widespread high-dose vitamin C supplementation for major disease prevention.