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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
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Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Weight loss and bone mineral density.

Gary R Hunter1, Eric P Plaisance, Gordon Fisher

  • 1Division of Kinesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|August 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moderate weight loss, especially with resistance and impact training, can maintain or improve bone mineral density (BMD). This challenges the notion that weight loss negatively impacts bone health in older adults or those with low BMD.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolism
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Energy deficit offers physiological and metabolic benefits.
  • Clinicians hesitate to recommend weight loss for older adults or those with low bone mineral density (BMD) due to concerns about bone loss.
  • The impact of weight loss on bone health remains a subject of confusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the effects of weight loss on bone mineral density (BMD).
  • To address clinician reluctance in prescribing weight loss for specific populations.
  • To review the relationship between weight loss, exercise, and bone health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on weight loss and BMD.
  • Analysis of the association between bone density, lean mass, fat mass, and total body mass.
  • Evaluation of different weight loss rates and exercise interventions on BMD.
  • Comparison of bone density measurement techniques (DXA vs. volumetric QCT).

Main Results:

  • Bone density is more strongly correlated with lean mass than total or fat mass.
  • Slower, moderate weight loss is less likely to decrease BMD than rapid or excessive loss.
  • High-intensity resistance and impact loading training can mitigate or reverse BMD loss during weight loss.
  • Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake supports BMD during weight loss.
  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may overestimate BMD loss after significant weight reduction; volumetric quantitative computed tomography (QCT) may be more accurate.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate weight loss does not inherently harm bone health, particularly when combined with exercise.
  • Exercise strategies incorporating heavy resistance training and high-impact activities like jumping may preserve or enhance BMD during weight loss.