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Why is the 'healthy immigrant effect' different between European countries?

Yasser Moullan1, Florence Jusot2

  • 11 University of Oxford (International Migration Institute), Oxford, UK2 Institut de Recherche et de Documentation en Economie de la Santé (IRDES), Paris, France yasser.moullan@qeh.ox.ac.uk.

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The health gap between immigrants and natives varies across Europe, with immigrants reporting poorer health in France, Belgium, and Spain, but better health in Italy. Native health also differs by country, influencing the overall health gap.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • European Studies

Background:

  • The 'healthy migrant' effect in Europe shows inconsistent findings in existing literature.
  • Immigrant health status is a critical public health concern demanding further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity of the health gap between immigrants and native populations across four European countries.
  • To analyze how differences in immigrant and native health statuses contribute to the observed health gap.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized harmonized national health interview surveys from Belgium, France, Spain, and Italy.
  • Examined the association between migratory status and self-assessed health, controlling for socio-economic status and country of origin.

Main Results:

  • Immigrants reported poorer self-assessed health than natives in France, Belgium, and Spain, but better health in Italy.
  • A North-South gradient was observed in immigrant health, with better health in Southern Europe (Italy, Spain) compared to Western Europe (France, Belgium).
  • Native populations exhibited poorer health in Italy and Belgium compared to France and Spain.

Conclusions:

  • The health gap is influenced by variations in both immigrant and native health statuses across host countries.
  • Findings suggest differing patterns of health selection during migration and integration processes within European nations.