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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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[Shoulder dislocation in athletes].

S Reuter1, F Martetschläger, A B Imhoff

  • 1Abteilung und Poliklinik für Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland, sven.reuter@mri.tum.de.

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|August 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early surgical stabilization is recommended for young athletes with shoulder dislocations, though treatment decisions require careful consideration of individual factors. Most athletes can return to their previous level of play after surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Context:

  • Shoulder dislocation is a frequent athletic injury.
  • Therapeutic strategies remain debated.

Purpose:

  • To outline key decision-making factors for treating shoulder dislocations in athletes.
  • To present current therapeutic concepts.

Summary:

  • Literature review indicates no definitive gold standard for surgical vs. non-surgical treatment.
  • Early surgical stabilization is advised for young athletes.
  • Treatment decisions require consideration of sport-specific and patient-specific factors.

Impact:

  • Facilitates informed clinical decisions for managing athletic shoulder dislocations.
  • Aims to optimize patient outcomes and return to sport.
  • Highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans.