Trends in prevalence and treatment of ocular allergy

This review describes recent findings and trends in prevalence and treatment of allergic ocular diseases. Although the major focus is on seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, related disorders will also be considered.

Published reports from countries around the world suggest that the spectrum of atopic diseases, including seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, is continuing its pattern of increasing prevalence, which has been well documented over the past few decades. In addition, although treatment modalities have focused on topical formulations including antihistamines and corticosteroids, there is a significant emphasis on immunotherapy as an alternative treatment modality, particularly in the USA.

Allergic conjunctivitis is a key component in the spectrum of allergic diseases that is sometimes collectively referred to as rhinoconjunctivitis. Because of its high prevalence worldwide, it exacts an increasing toll in terms of patient discomfort, morbidity, and loss of productivity. Current estimates suggest that at least 20% of the overall population suffers from some form of allergic conjunctivitis, many without ever seeking treatments. In addition, a significant proportion of patients experience chronic forms of allergy that are less responsive to existing therapies. Recent approval of immunotherapy-based treatments may address this therapeutic gap.