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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Magnetic Force01:18

Magnetic Force

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In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
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Taming molecular collisions using electric and magnetic fields.

Mark Brouard1, David H Parker, Sebastiaan Y T van de Meerakker

  • 1The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.

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|August 14, 2014
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Summary

Molecular manipulation using electric and magnetic fields enables precise control for scattering experiments. This technique allows detailed study of quantum mechanical interactions and molecular collisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • Molecules with permanent electric or magnetic dipole moments can be controlled by external fields.
  • Technological advancements have enabled precise manipulation of molecular motion, including deflection, focusing, orientation, and velocity control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of molecular manipulation tools.
  • To discuss the application of these tools in molecular beam scattering experiments.
  • To review recent advancements and benchmark experiments in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging molecular manipulation techniques (e.g., electrostatic and magnetostatic fields).
  • Discussion of integration of manipulation tools with molecular beam scattering setups.
  • Analysis of experimental data from benchmark scattering experiments.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of precise control over molecular trajectories and states.
  • Highlighting the capability to initiate scattering experiments with well-defined molecular beams.
  • Showcasing the study of quantum mechanical aspects of molecular interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular manipulation offers unprecedented control for studying fundamental molecular collisions.
  • Advanced techniques facilitate detailed investigations into the quantum nature of molecular interactions.
  • The field is rapidly progressing, opening new avenues for collision dynamics research.