Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.0K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.0K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.5K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.5K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

1.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.3K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

1.5K
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
1.5K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.4K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Mechanism of Tea Polysaccharides on Type 2 Diabetic Rats via Gut Microbiota and Metabolism Alteration.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2020
Same author

TSPAN5 influences serotonin and kynurenine: pharmacogenomic mechanisms related to alcohol use disorder and acamprosate treatment response.

Molecular psychiatry·2020
Same author

High-throughput diagnosis of human pathogens and fecal contamination in marine recreational water.

Environmental research·2020
Same author

Parallel bimodal single-cell sequencing of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility.

Genome research·2020
Same author

Pharmacogenomics of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal breast cancer and additional mechanisms of anastrozole action.

JCI insight·2020
Same author

Evolution of tRNA gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome of ichneumonoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea).

International journal of biological macromolecules·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets
07:08

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.7K

Epigenetic landscapes explain partially reprogrammed cells and identify key reprogramming genes.

Alex H Lang1, Hu Li2, James J Collins3

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|August 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new framework to model cell development using epigenetic landscapes and spin-glass physics. The model predicts and verifies that partially reprogrammed cells are hybrids co-expressing genes from multiple cell fates.

More Related Videos

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

8.6K
Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets
07:08

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.7K
Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Published on: January 1, 2018

8.6K
Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
09:34

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions

Published on: November 27, 2017

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cellular development and differentiation are often described using the metaphor of a rugged epigenetic landscape.
  • This landscape represents cell fates as attracting valleys within a complex regulatory network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a framework for explicitly constructing epigenetic landscapes by integrating genomic data with spin-glass physics.
  • To model cell fate dynamics and understand the nature of partially reprogrammed cells.

Main Methods:

  • Combined genomic data with techniques from spin-glass physics to construct epigenetic landscapes.
  • Modeled cell fates as dynamic attractors within these landscapes.
  • Analyzed existing datasets to verify model predictions.

Main Results:

  • The framework successfully models cell fate as dynamic attractors that can change in response to external signals.
  • Partially reprogrammed cells are identified as a natural consequence of high-dimensional landscapes.
  • Verified the prediction that partially reprogrammed cells are hybrids co-expressing genes from multiple cell fates.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic landscapes provide a powerful paradigm for understanding cellular identity and development.
  • The developed framework can reproduce known reprogramming protocols and identify novel reprogramming factors.