Cell death and inflammatory bowel diseases: apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in the intestinal epithelium
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Published on: June 8, 2022
Tiago Nunes1, Claudio Bernardazzi2, Heitor S de Souza3
1Nutrition and Immunology Chair, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Abstract:
Cell death mechanisms have been associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases in humans and mice. Recent studies suggested that a complex crosstalk between autophagy/apoptosis, microbe sensing, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the epithelium could play a critical role in these diseases. In addition, necroptosis, a relatively novel programmed necrosis-like pathway associated with TNF receptor activation, seems to be also present in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and in specific animal models for intestinal inflammation. This review attempts to cover new data related to cell death mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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