Definition of metrics to evaluate cochlear array insertion forces performed with forceps, insertion tool, or motorized tool in temporal bone specimens
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026
Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol
Published on: August 18, 2023
Yann Nguyen1, Guillaume Kazmitcheff2, Daniele De Seta3
1Otolaryngology Department, Unit of Otology, Auditory Implants and Skull Base Surgery, Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Cedex 13, 75651 Paris, France ; Sorbonne University, "Minimally Invasive Robot-Based Hearing Rehabilitation", UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1159, 75005 Paris, France ; INSERM, "Minimally Invasive Robot-Based Hearing Rehabilitation", UMR S 1159, 75018 Paris, France.
Introduction:
In order to achieve a minimal trauma to the inner ear structures during array insertion, it would be suitable to control insertion forces. The aim of this work was to compare the insertion forces of an array insertion into anatomical specimens with three different insertion techniques: with forceps, with a commercial tool, and with a motorized tool.
Materials And Methods:
Temporal bones have been mounted on a 6-axis force sensor to record insertion forces. Each temporal bone has been inserted, with a lateral wall electrode array, in random order, with each of the 3 techniques.
Results:
Forceps manual and commercial tool insertions generated multiple jerks during whole length insertion related to fits and starts. On the contrary, insertion force with the motorized tool only rose at the end of the insertion. Overall force momentum was 1.16 ± 0.505 N (mean ± SD, n = 10), 1.337 ± 0.408 N (n = 8), and 1.573 ± 0.764 N (n = 8) for manual insertion with forceps and commercial and motorized tools, respectively.
Conclusion:
Considering force momentum, no difference between the three techniques was observed. Nevertheless, a more predictable force profile could be observed with the motorized tool with a smoother rise of insertion forces.
