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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called...
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Neurulation01:30

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
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Neonatal neurosonography.

Joel Fritz1, Stanley M Polansky1, Stephen C O'Connor1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA.

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|August 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal neurosonography is a key bedside tool for evaluating the central nervous system in critically ill infants. This review covers technique and imaging for common neonatal brain injuries like hemorrhage and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Pediatric neuroimaging
  • Critical care medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal neurosonography is essential for assessing the central nervous system in neonatal intensive care units.
  • Critically ill neonates often have hemodynamic and thermoregulatory instability, requiring specialized bedside imaging.
  • Mechanical ventilation is common in this patient population, necessitating non-invasive monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current recommendations for neonatal neurosonography technique.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and imaging of common intracranial insults in neonates.
  • To provide a guide for interpreting neurosonographic findings in high-risk infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines on neonatal neurosonography.

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  • Synthesis of information on the technique, indications, and interpretation of findings.
  • Focus on common neonatal neurological conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed review of neurosonography technique for optimal image acquisition.
    • Explanation of pathophysiology for key intracranial insults.
    • Guidance on imaging findings for neonatal hemorrhage, white matter injury, infarction, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal neurosonography is a vital, accessible tool for bedside evaluation of the neonatal brain.
    • Understanding technique and common pathologies is crucial for effective management.
    • This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing critically ill neonates.