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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Challenges and solutions for joining polymer materials.

Xin Jin1, Lars Heepe, Jan Strueben

  • 1Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143, Kiel, Germany.

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|August 19, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study summarizes polymer adhesion mechanisms and provides examples of seminal and novel approaches. It also focuses on developing new methods for strong adhesion between low surface energy polymers.

Keywords:
composite materialsimmiscible polymerslow surface energy polymersmechanical interlockingpolymer-polymer adhesion

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Adhesion between polymer surfaces is crucial for various applications.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of polymer-polymer adhesion is essential.
  • Low surface energy polymers present unique challenges for achieving strong adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and describe the diverse mechanisms contributing to polymer-polymer adhesion.
  • To present seminal works and novel approaches in adhesion science.
  • To develop new methodologies for achieving robust adhesion in low surface energy polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on polymer adhesion mechanisms.
  • Analysis of case studies representing key advancements in the field.
  • Exploration and proposal of novel strategies for enhancing adhesion.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of established and emerging polymer adhesion mechanisms.
  • Identification of successful strategies for achieving polymer-polymer bonding.
  • Foundation laid for new techniques targeting difficult-to-adhere polymers.

Conclusions:

  • Effective polymer adhesion relies on a variety of mechanisms.
  • Novel approaches are continuously expanding the possibilities for polymer bonding.
  • Further research into new methodologies is critical for advancing adhesion science, particularly for low surface energy materials.