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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

70.5K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

20.0K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters
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NanoScript: a nanoparticle-based artificial transcription factor for effective gene regulation.

Sahishnu Patel1, Dongju Jung, Perry T Yin

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.

ACS Nano
|August 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created NanoScript, a nanoparticle-based artificial transcription factor (TF). This novel TF mimics natural proteins to precisely control gene expression for potential stem cell therapies.

Keywords:
gene activationnanoparticle-based genetic manipulationnonviral deliverysynthetic transcription factorstranscription factor proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Nanomedicine
  • Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for regulating gene expression and transcriptional activity.
  • Existing TF-based gene regulation methods face limitations, restricting their full application potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an artificial, nanoparticle-based transcription factor (NanoScript) that mimics natural TF structure and function.
  • To demonstrate NanoScript's ability to regulate gene transcription in a nonviral manner.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed NanoScript by attaching synthetic transcription factor peptides and small molecules to gold nanoparticles.
  • Evaluated NanoScript's nuclear localization and transcriptional activity using a reporter plasmid.
  • Assessed NanoScript's efficacy in transcribing endogenous genes.

Main Results:

  • NanoScript successfully localized within the cell nucleus.
  • NanoScript demonstrated over a 15-fold increase in reporter plasmid transcription.
  • NanoScript effectively transcribed targeted endogenous genes without viral vectors.

Conclusions:

  • NanoScript serves as a functional replica of TF proteins, offering a tunable gene-regulating platform.
  • The nanoparticle-based design overcomes limitations of traditional TF applications.
  • NanoScript holds significant potential for diverse stem cell applications and gene therapy.