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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Programmable ionic conductance in a pH-regulated gated nanochannel.

Yu Ma1, Song Xue, Shih-Chieh Hsu

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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|August 20, 2014
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A new model analyzes ionic conductance in field-effect transistor-controlled nanochannels, considering multiple ions and surface effects. This model shows remarkable field-effect control at low pH and salt concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic conductance in nanochannels is crucial for various applications.
  • Existing models often simplify complex ionic and surface phenomena.
  • Field-effect transistor (FET) gating offers precise control over nanochannel properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel analytical model for ionic conductance in a pH-regulated nanochannel gated by a field-effect transistor.
  • To incorporate multiple ionic species, surface chemistry, Stern layer effects, and electroosmotic flow into the model.
  • To validate the model against experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of an analytical model for ionic conductance.
  • Inclusion of multi-species ion transport.
  • Consideration of surface charge, reactions, and the Stern layer.
  • Incorporation of electroosmotic flow effects.
  • Validation using existing experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The developed model accurately predicts ionic conductance in gated nanochannels.
  • Field-effect control of ionic conductance is highly effective at low pH and low salt concentrations.
  • The Stern layer significantly influences ionic conductance, especially at low salt concentrations.
  • The model's predictions align well with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive analytical model for ionic conductance in FET-gated nanochannels has been successfully developed.
  • The model highlights the importance of low pH and salt concentrations for effective field-effect control.
  • Surface chemistry and Stern layer effects play a critical role in nanochannel ionic transport, particularly under dilute conditions.