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Flower opening and closure: an update.

Wouter G van Doorn1, Chanattika Kamdee2

  • 1Mann Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA wgvandoorn@ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|August 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flower opening is regulated by hormones like ethylene, gibberellins, and auxin, influencing gene expression and cell elongation. Pollination can trigger earlier floral closure in ethylene-regulated species.

Keywords:
Carbohydratescell walldiurnal clockflowergrowthhormonehumiditymiRNApetalsepaltemperaturetepalwater relations.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Botany
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Flower opening and closure are critical reproductive processes influenced by environmental and internal cues.
  • Previous research (2003) established foundational knowledge on flower opening mechanisms.
  • This review updates the understanding of molecular and hormonal regulation of floral transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms regulating flower opening and closure.
  • To elucidate the roles of plant hormones, gene expression, and environmental factors in floral transitions.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding pollination-induced floral closure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and research findings.
  • Analysis of time-lapse photography data demonstrating flower opening velocity and growth.
  • Examination of genetic and molecular studies on hormone signaling pathways and gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • Ethylene, gibberellins, and auxin are key hormones regulating flower opening, affecting DELLA gene expression and aquaporin activity.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNA319a, miRNA164) play regulatory roles in petal development and flower opening, interacting with hormone pathways.
  • Light, temperature, and circadian clock interactions are further clarified; pollination can accelerate closure in ethylene-sensitive flowers.

Conclusions:

  • Flower opening is a complex process involving intricate hormonal crosstalk and precise gene regulation.
  • Environmental factors and pollination significantly modulate floral lifespan and closure timing.
  • Ethylene signaling is a crucial component in mediating pollination-induced floral closure in certain species.