Importance of sample form and surface temperature for analysis by ambient plasma mass spectrometry (PADI)

Many different types of samples have been analyzed in the literature using plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry sources; however, comprehensive studies of the important parameters for analysis are only just beginning. Here, we investigate the effect of the sample form and surface temperature on the signal intensities in plasma-assisted desorption ionization (PADI). The form of the sample is very important, with powders of all volatilities effectively analyzed. However, for the analysis of thin films at room temperature and using a low plasma power, a vapor pressure of greater than 10(-4) Pa is required to achieve a sufficiently good quality spectrum. Using thermal desorption, we are able to increase the signal intensity of less volatile materials with vapor pressures less than 10(-4) Pa, in thin film form, by between 4 and 7 orders of magnitude. This is achieved by increasing the temperature of the sample up to a maximum of 200 °C. Thermal desorption can also increase the signal intensity for the analysis of powders.