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Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem
Vinayak Joshi1, Chad Matthews, Marcelo Aspiras
1Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|August 21, 2014
Summary
Smoking impairs the oral microbiome's ability to recover from disease. Smokers exhibit reduced resilience in their subgingival microbial communities, increasing susceptibility to future oral health issues.
Area of Science:
- Oral microbiology
- Periodontology
- Immunology
Background:
- Dysbiotic microbial communities are linked to oral diseases, particularly in smokers.
- Microbiome resilience, the ability to recover from dysbiosis, is crucial for disease susceptibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of smoking on colonization dynamics and resilience in marginal and subgingival biofilms.
- To compare oral microbiome recovery in smokers versus non-smokers.
Main Methods:
- Collected plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis.
- Utilized 16S cloning and sequencing for bacterial identification.
- Employed flow cytometry to quantify immune mediators.
Main Results:
- Smokers showed early pathogenic colonization and sustained pathogen enrichment.
- Smokers had greater pathogenic species abundance and poor ecosystem correlation.
- Smokers exhibited significantly greater pro-inflammatory responses post-disease resolution.
Conclusions:
- Smokers have a decreased ability for the subgingival microbiome to reset after disease episodes.
- Smoking lowers oral ecosystem resilience and reduces resistance to future oral diseases.
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