Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores
Published on: November 20, 2014
Water pipe steam stones: familiarity and use among US young adults
Jaime E Sidani1, Ariel Shensa2, Brian A Primack3
1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; sidanije@upmc.edu.
Introduction:
Water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is associated with substantial toxicant exposure. Water pipe steam stones (WSS) are marketed as a healthier alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine, in a nationally representative sample, young adults' familiarity with, perceptions regarding, and use of WSS.
Methods:
A survey about WTS was completed by 3,253 members of an online nonvolunteer access panel. Four items specifically addressed WSS.
Results:
Of the 228 individuals who had heard of WSS, 17% (n = 41) reported using them. Use was associated with ever (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.7-21.8) and current (AOR = 16.1, 95% CI = 5.1-51.5) WTS. Compared with those who thought that WSS had about the same harm as WTS, those who thought that WSS was "a lot less harmful" to a person's health had substantially higher odds of having tried WSS (AOR = 6.8, 95% CI = 2.0-23.1).
Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 6 young adults who have heard of WSS used them. WSS use is associated with the perception of reduced harm.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Multiple Pipe Systems
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Design Example: Designing a Residential Plumbing System
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II
The distance to reach a fully developed flow is called the entrance length and depends on the...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I
The classification of fluid...
Single Pipe Systems
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are...
Regulation of Water Intake

