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How suitable is human milk for pre-term babies?

D P Davies

    Acta Paediatrica Japonica : Overseas Edition
    |August 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human milk provides optimal nutrition for preterm infants, supporting growth and neurodevelopment. Despite some nutritional gaps, its benefits outweigh risks, making it suitable for vulnerable newborns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Nutrition
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology
    • Developmental Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Optimal nutrition for preterm infants is crucial for short-term health and long-term growth and neurodevelopment.
    • Human milk is a complex fluid with unique properties beneficial for infant development.
    • Preterm infants have specific nutritional needs that may differ from full-term infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate how human milk meets the nutritional requirements of preterm infants.
    • To review the short-term and long-term effects of human milk feeding in preterm neonates.
    • To assess the evidence for and against using human milk in preterm infant nutrition.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on human milk composition and its effects on preterm infants.
    • Analysis of short-term outcomes including growth, infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, and allergies.
    • Evaluation of long-term outcomes such as physical growth and neuro-psychological function.

    Main Results:

    • Human milk composition varies, and may not fully meet all specific nutritional needs of very small preterm infants.
    • Short-term benefits include reduced risk of infection and necrotizing enterocolitis.
    • Long-term benefits may include improved body composition and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • While human milk may not meet all nutritional needs of small preterm infants, current evidence does not support discouraging its use.
    • Antimicrobial and immunological properties of human milk offer significant advantages.
    • Human milk feeding is particularly recommended in regions with high risks of neonatal infection.

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