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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

14.0K
In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
14.0K

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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay ELISPOT: Quantification of Th-1 Cellular Immune Responses Against Microbial Antigens
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Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay ELISPOT: Quantification of Th-1 Cellular Immune Responses Against Microbial Antigens

Published on: November 23, 2010

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CTL ELISPOT assay.

Elena Ranieri1, Iulia Popescu, Margherita Gigante

  • 1Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Foggia, Ospedali Riuniti, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71122, Italy, elena.ranieri@unifg.it.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (Elispot) is a highly sensitive assay for detecting antigen-specific T cells. This method is crucial for monitoring T cell immunity in clinical trials and diagnosing diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (Elispot) is a quantitative method for measuring T cell activation.
  • Its high sensitivity allows detection of low-frequency antigen-specific T cells secreting cytokines and effector molecules like granzyme B and perforin.
  • Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) studies benefit from this technology for quantity and immune kinetics insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clear protocols for researchers applying the Elispot assay.
  • To highlight the reliability and wide applications of Elispot in research and diagnostics.
  • To describe Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and perforin Elispot assays.

Main Methods:

  • Elispot assay for quantifying T cell responses.
  • Detection of cytokine secretion (e.g., IFN-γ) and effector molecules (e.g., perforin).
  • Distinguishing T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17) based on cytokine profiles.

Main Results:

  • Elispot is a gold standard for evaluating antigen-specific T cell immunity in clinical trials.
  • The assay demonstrates high accuracy, sensitivity, reproducibility, and robustness.
  • Elispot outperforms other methods in defining antigen-specific lymphocyte frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Elispot is a reliable method for investigating immune responses in cancer, infections, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.
  • The assay is vital for immune diagnostics, especially in vaccine development.
  • Elispot provides valuable data on T cell frequency recognizing specific antigens.