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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Neuromodulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Melisse Bais1, Martijn Figee1, Damiaan Denys2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 5, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America
|August 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most effective neuromodulation technique for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), showing a 60% response rate. Other methods like TMS offer transient symptom improvement.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)EfficacyElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT)NeuromodulationObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)ReviewTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health condition.
  • Neuromodulation offers potential therapeutic avenues for treatment-resistant OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and applicability of various neuromodulation techniques in treating OCD.
  • To compare the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) for OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on neuromodulation techniques for OCD.
  • Analysis of reported outcomes, response rates, and side effects for each technique.

Main Results:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is primarily used for comorbid depression or psychosis in OCD patients.
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown limited efficacy in one case report.
  • Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers significant but temporary relief of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) demonstrates a 60% response rate in both open and sham-controlled studies.

Conclusions:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS), despite its invasiveness, emerges as the most efficacious neuromodulation technique for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Further research into TMS and other non-invasive techniques may yield more durable results.