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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
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Cellular reprogramming by transcription factor engineering.

Jason C H Tsang1, Xuefei Gao1, Liming Lu2

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|August 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcription factor engineering advances cellular reprogramming. Novel chimeric and designer factors overcome limitations of traditional methods, enhancing efficiency and mechanism study for pluripotency and lineage switching.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular reprogramming
  • Molecular biology
  • Gene regulation

Background:

  • Transcription factors are key regulators of pluripotency and cell lineage.
  • Ectopic overexpression of transcription factors is a standard reprogramming strategy.
  • This method has limitations in studying reprogramming mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in transcription factor engineering for cellular reprogramming.
  • To highlight advancements in chimeric and designer transcription factors.
  • To discuss their role in improving reprogramming efficiency and dissecting endogenous network reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on transcription factor engineering.
  • Analysis of novel chimeric reprogramming factors.
  • Discussion of designer transcription factors technology.

Main Results:

  • Transcription factor engineering offers improved reprogramming efficiency.
  • Novel engineered factors facilitate the study of reprogramming mechanisms.
  • These approaches aid in dissecting the reactivation of endogenous pluripotency networks.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription factor engineering is a powerful tool for advancing cellular reprogramming research.
  • Engineered factors provide new avenues for understanding pluripotency and lineage switching.
  • Future research will likely focus on further refining these technologies.