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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
Published on: October 6, 2022
HIV-related metabolic comorbidities in the current ART era
Amy H Warriner1, Greer A Burkholder1, Edgar Turner Overton1
1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 908 20th Street South, CCB Room 330A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Abstract:
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals have residual chronic immune activation that contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV infection. This immune system dysregulation is a pathogenic state manifested by very low naïve T-cell numbers and increased terminally differentiated effector cells that generate excessive proinflammatory cytokines with limited functionality. Immune exhaustion leaves an individual at risk for accelerated aging-related diseases, including renal dysfunction, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. We highlight research that clarifies the role of HIV, ART, and other factors that contribute to the development of these diseases among HIV-infected persons.
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