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Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
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Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface01:16

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In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
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Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Related Experiment Video

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Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
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Generalized models for rock joint surface shapes.

Shigui Du1, Yunjin Hu2, Xiaofei Hu3

  • 1College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.

Thescientificworldjournal
|August 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generalized models of rock joint surface shapes were developed using statistical analysis of 20,078 profiles. These models classify shapes into macroscopic, undulating, and roughness levels, aiding mechanical effect studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Rock Mechanics
  • Engineering Geology

Background:

  • Understanding rock joint surface shapes is crucial for analyzing mechanical behaviors.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complexity of natural rock joint surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish generalized models for rock joint surface shapes at different scales.
  • To classify the basic features of macroscopic, undulating, and roughness levels of rock joints.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive field investigations of rock joint surfaces.
  • Statistical analysis of 20,078 rock joint surface profiles.
  • Utilizing relative amplitude of profile curves for shape level division.

Main Results:

  • Developed generalized models for macroscopic outline, surface undulating shape, and microcosmic roughness.
  • Macroscopic outlines classified as planar, arc-shaped, and stepped.
  • Surface undulating shapes identified as planar, undulating, and stepped.
  • Microcosmic roughness categorized as smooth and rough.

Conclusions:

  • The established models provide a foundational framework for rock joint surface characterization.
  • These models enhance the study of mechanical effects related to rock joint surface geometry.
  • The classification system offers a systematic approach to describing diverse rock joint surface features.