A case of pediatric ectopic thyroid in lateral lymph nodes

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Pediatric Surgery
• Head and Neck Pathology

Background:

• Ectopic thyroid tissue commonly presents as lingual thyroid or thyroglossal duct cysts.
• Lateral cervical ectopic thyroids are rare, accounting for only 1%-3% of cases.
• Posterior lateral cervical ectopic thyroids in pediatric patients are exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

• A 13-year-old boy presented with ectopic thyroid tissue in the cervical lymph nodes.
• The ectopic thyroid tissue was located in the left posterior triangle of the neck.
• The patient also had an orthotopic (normal position) euthyroid thyroid gland.

Findings:

• Histological examination confirmed the cervical masses were benign thyroid tissue.
• No evidence of malignancy was found in the head and neck region.
• The findings support the benign lymphatic transport theory for lateral ectopic thyroids.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering rare presentations of ectopic thyroid tissue in pediatric patients.
• Understanding the lymphatic transport theory aids in diagnosing and managing lateral ectopic thyroids.
• Further research into the embryological origins of ectopic thyroid tissue is warranted.