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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Apparent rate constant mapping using hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate.

O Khegai1, R F Schulte, M A Janich

  • 1Technische Universität München, Department of Chemistry, Munich, Germany; GE Global Research, Munich, Germany.

NMR in Biomedicine
|August 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate enables real-time metabolic imaging. New methods quantify metabolite signals, creating apparent build-up rate maps that better highlight active tissues like tumors compared to standard imaging.

Keywords:
MRSI[1-13C]pyruvatedynamic metabolic imaginghyperpolarized 13Ckinetic modelingmetabolic exchange rate

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Metabolic Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Hyperpolarization of [1-13C]pyruvate allows real-time measurement of cellular uptake and metabolism using MR spectroscopic methods.
  • Pyruvate is converted into downstream metabolites like lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate within cells.
  • Accurate quantification of these metabolic signals is crucial for understanding cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present comprehensive methods for quantifying and interpreting hyperpolarized 13C metabolite signals.
  • To develop novel imaging contrasts for characterizing metabolic activity.
  • To validate these methods in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • A time-domain spectral fitting method with automatic chemical shift estimation using a matching pursuit algorithm.
  • A time-discretized two-site exchange kinetic model to quantify metabolite signal dynamics using apparent build-up and effective decay rates.
  • Temporally resolved IDEAL spiral CSI for spatially resolved apparent rate constant mapping.

Main Results:

  • Developed and validated spectral and kinetic quantification methods for hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate.
  • Generated spatially resolved apparent build-up rate constant maps.
  • Demonstrated that apparent build-up rate maps offer improved contrast for metabolically active tissues (e.g., tumors) and suppress high perfusion, low conversion regions (e.g., blood vessels).

Conclusions:

  • Apparent build-up rate constant mapping provides a novel, quantitative image contrast for metabolic activity characterization.
  • This method enhances the visualization of metabolically active tissues.
  • Further studies are needed to establish its implementation as a quantitative standard.