Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Statistics01:17

Introduction to Statistics

45.3K
The science of statistics involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data. The method of collecting, organizing, and summarizing data is called descriptive statistics. The systematic method of drawing inferences from the sample data and predicting unknown characteristics of a population is called inferential statistics.
In statistics, the collection of individuals or objects under study is called population. The idea of sampling is to select a portion of the larger population...
45.3K
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

667
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
667
Statistical Analysis: Overview01:11

Statistical Analysis: Overview

14.4K
When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
One of the most commonly used statistical quantifiers is the mean, which is the ratio between the sum of the numerical values of all results and the...
14.4K
5-Number Summary01:04

5-Number Summary

4.8K
In a dataset, the 5-number summary includes the minimum data value, the data value of the first quartile, the median data value or data value of the second quartile, the data value of the third quartile, and the maximum data value. These 5 data values can be visualized as a box and whisker plot.
In a box plot, the minimum and maximum data values represent the lower and upper whiskers in the graph, and the median is designated as the center of the box in the chart. The first quartile and third...
4.8K
Sample Size Calculation01:19

Sample Size Calculation

5.2K
Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...
5.2K
Probability Histograms01:17

Probability Histograms

8.7K
A probability histogram is a visual representation of a probability distribution. Similar a typical histogram, the probability histogram consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. It has both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The horizontal axis is labeled with what the data represents. The vertical axis is labeled with probability. Each rectangular bar in the histogram is 1 unit wide, which suggests that the area under each bar equals the probability, P(x), where x is 1, 2, 3, and so on.
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Visual perception of longitudinal waves: theory and observations.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Is there more to adaptation than meets the eye?

Vision research·2026
Same author

The Impact of Induced Optical Blur on Monocular and Binocular Depth-Related Visuomotor Task Performance.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025
Same author

A visual search asymmetry for plaids.

Perception·2025
Same author

Depth-Related Visuomotor Performance in Keratoconus and Its Relationship to Stereopsis.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025
Same author

Individual differences in direction-selective motion adaptation revealed by change-detection performance.

Vision research·2024
Same journal

AI-generated faces are becoming more trustworthy.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Attenuated boundary extension in observer perspective memory compared to field perspective memory.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Comparing masking and habituation roles in saccadic omission of stimuli optimized for intra-saccadic vision.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Analysis of human visual experience data.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same journal

Sensation without perception: The white whale effect and perceptual blindness in autonomous vehicles.

Journal of vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
07:41

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

Published on: July 30, 2019

7.1K

Summary statistics for size over space and time.

Andrei Gorea1, Seddik Belkoura1, Joshua A Solomon2

  • 1Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes & CNRS, Paris, France.

Journal of Vision
|August 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The visual system can efficiently estimate average circle size from ensembles. Performance improves with more items, suggesting a limited perceptual readout rate.

Keywords:
attentional loopsefficiencylinear systems theoryspatio-temporal integrationvisual size discrimination

More Related Videos

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
16:14

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

13.4K
Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions
08:46

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems
07:41

Modeling the Size Spectrum for Macroinvertebrates and Fishes in Stream Ecosystems

Published on: July 30, 2019

7.1K
Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
16:14

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

13.4K
Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions
08:46

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions

Published on: March 4, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Computational neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • The visual system processes ensembles of stimuli to extract average feature values.
  • Simultaneous and sequential presentation are key modes of visual ensemble processing.
  • Linear systems theory provides a framework for modeling visual processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model visual average size extraction from ensembles using linear systems theory.
  • To compare size discrimination for simultaneous versus sequential stimulus presentation.
  • To determine the perceptual readout rate for visual ensembles.

Main Methods:

  • Ensembles of circles with sizes drawn from a normal distribution were used.
  • Average size discrimination was measured for one and eight circles.
  • Stimuli were presented simultaneously (13-427 ms) or sequentially (1.2-38 Hz).

Main Results:

  • Thresholds for eight-item ensembles were significantly lower than for one-item ensembles.
  • Performance improved with increased display time and decreased temporal frequency.
  • Data suggest a perceptual readout of 3-4 items every 210 ms.

Conclusions:

  • The visual system effectively estimates average size from ensembles, with performance scaling with ensemble size.
  • A fixed perceptual readout rate underlies ensemble processing, regardless of presentation mode.
  • Linear systems theory successfully models visual ensemble averaging.