Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
Published on: January 7, 2019
The use of triangulation in qualitative research
Nancy Carter1, Denise Bryant-Lukosius2, Alba DiCenso3
1School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
Abstract:
Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton, 1999). Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: (a) method triangulation, (b) investigator triangulation, (c) theory triangulation, and (d) data source triangulation. The current article will present the four types of triangulation followed by a discussion of the use of focus groups (FGs) and in-depth individual (IDI) interviews as an example of data source triangulation in qualitative inquiry.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Qualitative Analysis
For instance, group IV...
Qualitative Analysis
There are two main approaches to qualitative analysis:...
Types of Global Positioning System Surveys
Adjusting a Traverse
Stratified Sampling Method
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations

