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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Published on: November 28, 2014

NOM and alkalinity interference in trace-level hexavalent chromium analysis.

Jeffrey L Parks¹, Laurie McNeill², Marc Edwards¹

¹Virginia Tech, USA.

|August 28, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The ion chromatograph method accurately measured hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) despite natural organic matter (NOM) and alkalinity. Other methods faced challenges with NOM, leading to inaccurate chromium speciation results.

Keywords:

Alkalinity Chromium HPLC ICPMS Ion chromatography Organic carbon

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Published on: September 19, 2025

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Accurate speciation of chromium (Cr) is crucial for environmental monitoring.
Natural organic matter (NOM) and alkalinity can interfere with analytical methods.
Understanding these interferences is key to reliable chromium analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate three analytical methods for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) analysis.
To assess the impact of natural organic matter (NOM) and alkalinity on method accuracy.
To identify reliable methods for chromium speciation in complex water matrices.

Main Methods:

Evaluation of an ion chromatograph (IC) with post-column reaction (USEPA Method 218.7).
Assessment of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS).
Testing of a field speciation method for chromium analysis.

Main Results:

The IC method accurately quantified Cr(VI) in the presence of high NOM (up to 8 mg C/L) and alkalinity (up to 170 mg/L as CaCO3).
No chromium oxidation was observed with the IC method when both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were present.
HPLC-ICPMS and the field speciation method showed decreased Cr(VI) recovery (false negatives) and false positive Cr(VI) results, respectively, due to NOM interference.

Conclusions:

The ion chromatograph method is robust for Cr(VI) analysis in waters with significant NOM and alkalinity.
NOM poses a significant challenge for HPLC-ICPMS and field speciation methods, impacting chromium speciation accuracy.
Method selection is critical to avoid false positives or negatives in chromium speciation analysis.