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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

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The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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Interrelationship between bone substitution materials and skeletal muscle tissue.

Christiane Kunert-Keil1, Ute Botzenhart1, Tomasz Gedrange1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, Haus 28, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|August 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic bone substitution materials are crucial for dental implants when natural bone is insufficient. Muscle tissue adapts to these materials, influencing gene expression and cellular structure, which is vital for biocompatibility assessment.

Keywords:
Ectopic bone formationGrowth factorIn vivo biocompatibilityMuscle histologyMyHC expression

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology
  • Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Adequate bone density and quantity are essential for dental implant success.
  • Bone augmentation using synthetic bioactive materials is an alternative to autografts.
  • Skeletal muscle influences bone structure, and vice versa, due to adaptation potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of bone substitution materials on skeletal muscle.
  • To assess the in vivo biocompatibility of biomaterials using muscle tissue.
  • To describe the molecular-biological and cellular effects of bone surrogates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fiber type distribution and myosin heavy chain isoform composition.
  • Macroscopic and histological examination of muscle tissue.
  • Assessment of gene expression changes in response to biomaterials.

Main Results:

  • Muscle tissue adapts to mechanical load changes induced by implants or bone surrogates.
  • Biomaterials can influence signaling cascades, protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton arrangement.
  • Changes in muscle fiber type, histology, and vascularization are observed.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal muscle, particularly the latissimus dorsi, is a valuable model for in vivo biomaterial biocompatibility testing.
  • Understanding molecular and cellular adaptations in muscle is key to evaluating bone substitution materials.
  • Biomaterial-induced muscle changes provide insights into tissue integration and host response.