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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Introduction to cognition in science and technology.

Michael E Gorman1

  • 1Department of Science, Technology and Society, University of Virginia.

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Cognitive studies of science and technology explore how experts solve problems and share knowledge. This research highlights key methods and future directions in understanding scientific thinking.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology of Science and Technology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Historically, research on the cognitive aspects of science and technology has been fragmented across various publications.
  • The establishment of the International Society for Psychology of Science and Technology marks a pivotal moment for consolidating and advancing this field.

Discussion:

  • This work synthesizes current research on how scientists, inventors, and engineers conceptualize and resolve complex problems.
  • It examines the distribution and sharing of cognitive processes within scientific and technological endeavors.

Key Insights:

  • Investigates problem representation and solving strategies employed by experts in science and technology.
  • Analyzes the collaborative and distributed nature of cognition in scientific and engineering contexts.
  • Employs diverse methodologies including historical analysis, empirical observation, and computational modeling.

Outlook:

  • The series aims to bridge historical perspectives with cutting-edge research in the psychology of science and technology.
  • Future research directions will be proposed to further illuminate the cognitive mechanisms underlying scientific innovation and problem-solving.