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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development01:19

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
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Moral reasoning: hints and allegations.

Joseph M Paxton1, Joshua D Greene

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University.

Topics in Cognitive Science
|August 29, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moral reasoning plays a significant role in judgment, even when emotions and intuition are prominent. Further research is needed to understand its full potential as a social force.

Keywords:
Dual-process modelMoral judgmentMoral reasoningSocial intuitionist model

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Area of Science:

  • Moral Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Recent studies emphasize emotion and intuition in moral judgment.
  • The precise role of moral reasoning in decision-making remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate types of moral reasoning.
  • To review evidence on the significance of moral reasoning in judgment.
  • To explore the psychological underpinnings and social impact of moral reasoning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on moral psychology.
  • Analysis of studies examining the interplay between reasoning, intuition, and judgment.
  • Conceptual distinction between different forms of moral reasoning.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests moral reasoning influences judgment by overriding intuitions without justification.
  • Moral reasoning is involved in applying deontological and utilitarian principles.
  • Reasoning can counteract inherent biases in decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Certain types of moral reasoning are crucial for moral judgment.
  • The psychology of moral reasoning is underexplored.
  • Moral reasoning may be a powerful, yet underestimated, social influence.