Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

702
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
702
Storage01:23

Storage

502
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
502
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

629
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
629
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

644
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
644
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

9.4K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
9.4K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Human-AI collaboration: trade-offs between performance and preferences.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2026
Same author

Evidence for individual differences in the temporal binding effect.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2025
Same author

The influence of functional components of natural scenes on episodic memory.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

The metacognition of vigilance: Using self-scheduled breaks to improve sustained attention.

Journal of experimental psychology. Applied·2024
Same author

How experts and novices judge other people's knowledgeability from language use.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2024
Same author

Updating, evidence evaluation, and operator availability: A theoretical framework for understanding belief.

Psychological review·2023
Same journal

Limits to Language Prediction: Findings From Diverse Populations.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same journal

There Is More Than Meets the Eye: The Dual Role of Perception in Shaping Color Lexicons.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Inference and Imagination.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Gesture Use Across Different Concepts: Focusing on Cross-Linguistic Diversity.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Exploring Amazonian Cognitive Diversity at Chana Research Station.

Topics in cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Do (We Think That) Plants Have Agency?

Topics in cognitive science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.8K

A Bayesian account of reconstructive memory.

Pernille Hemmer1, Mark Steyvers

  • 1University of California, Irvine.

Topics in Cognitive Science
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prior knowledge shapes memory reconstruction. Familiar objects are influenced by specific knowledge, while unfamiliar ones are guided by general category information, impacting memory recall.

Keywords:
Bayesian modelsLong-term memoryPrior knowledgeReconstructive memory

More Related Videos

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

39.8K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.8K
The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

39.8K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Prior knowledge is known to influence memory reconstruction.
  • The precise mechanisms of memory and knowledge interaction remain unclear.
  • Extending previous work, a Bayesian model is proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a Bayesian model of reconstructive memory.
  • To investigate how prior knowledge interacts with episodic memory at various abstraction levels.
  • To provide empirical evidence for these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Bayesian model of reconstructive memory.
  • Empirical testing of the model's predictions.
  • Analysis of how familiarity influences the integration of prior knowledge and memory representations.

Main Results:

  • Prior knowledge influences memory reconstruction at multiple levels of abstraction.
  • Familiar object reconstruction is biased towards specific prior knowledge.
  • Unfamiliar object reconstruction is biased towards general category knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Memory reconstruction is a dynamic process integrating prior knowledge and episodic traces.
  • Familiarity plays a crucial role in modulating the influence of prior knowledge.
  • The proposed Bayesian model offers a framework for understanding reconstructive memory.