FRIENDLY regulates mitochondrial distribution, fusion, and quality control in Arabidopsis

Amr M El Zawily1, Markus Schwarzländer1, Iris Finkemeier1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2 (A.M.E.Z., K.W., D.C.L.);Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt (A.M.E.Z.);Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany (M.S., A.J.M.);Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Plant Proteomics Group, 50829 Cologne, Germany (I.F.);Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom (I.G.J., C.G., N.S.J.);Université d'Angers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, and Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers F-49045, France (A.B., D.M., D.C.L.); andPlant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada (Y.C., R.D.).

Plant Physiology
|August 29, 2014
PubMed

Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
8.8K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.1K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.3K
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
1.6K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.6K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

2.0K