Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

McNemar's Test01:23

McNemar's Test

1.0K
McNemar's Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference in proportions between two related groups when the outcome is binary (e.g., yes/no, success/failure). It is beneficial when we have paired data, such as pre-test/post-test designs, where the same subjects are measured under two different conditions. The test is named after the statistician Quinn McNemar, who introduced it in 1947. It is commonly used in situations where subjects are...
1.0K
Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

3.4K
Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
3.4K
Testing a Claim about Population Proportion01:24

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

2.9K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
2.9K
Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD01:21

Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD

5.1K
A complete procedure of testing a hypothesis about a population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
5.1K
The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

57.1K
Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
57.1K
The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

220.0K
The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
220.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigation of Current and Super-Bore 088″ Treatment Strategies of Soft and Stiff Clots at Internal Carotid Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Sites in an In Vitro Thrombectomy Model.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Duration of protective immunity following COVID-19 vaccination of individuals with underlying health conditions: A rapid review.

Reviews in medical virology·2025
Same author

A macro-level analysis of the socio-economic impacts of climate change driven water scarcity: Incorporating behavioural and resilience aspects.

Water research X·2024
Same author

Dataset: a social accounting matrix for Germany.

BMC research notes·2024
Same author

CHI3L1 signaling impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation.

Science advances·2023
Same author

The Generation and Functional Characterization of Human Microglia-Like Cells Derived from iPS and Embryonic Stem Cells.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2023
Same journal

To appear in a new light: Varying illumination colors induce dynamic transformations of perceptual qualities in still images.

i-Perception·2026
Same journal

Pseudo-slimy: A novel phenomenon to evoke stickiness perception.

i-Perception·2026
Same journal

Predictive visual uncertainty around moving trajectories influences causality judgments in launching displays.

i-Perception·2026
Same journal

Light and shape in the work of Robert Fones.

i-Perception·2026
Same journal

Sensorimotor numerosity uniquely supports arithmetic development in children.

i-Perception·2026
Same journal

In praise of anaglyphs.

i-Perception·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

9.9K

How to test Molyneux's question empirically.

Kevin Connolly1

  • 1Network for Sensory Research, University of Toronto, 170 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5R 2M8, Canada;

I-Perception
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study critiques experiments designed to answer Molyneux's question about vision. It argues that simplifying stimuli to planar objects offers a valid approach, unlike allowing subject movement, which assumes an unsupported depth perception ability.

Keywords:
Molyneux's questionmultimodal perceptionperceptionshapetouchvision

More Related Videos

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence
14:05

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

Published on: December 15, 2010

24.8K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

9.9K
One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence
14:05

One Dimensional Turing-Like Handshake Test for Motor Intelligence

Published on: December 15, 2010

24.8K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Molyneux's question explores the relationship between vision and perception.
  • Previous experiments by Held et al. (2011) and critiques by Schwenkler (2012, 2013) are discussed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate proposed modifications to Held et al.'s experiment addressing Molyneux's question.
  • To identify flaws in proposed experimental revisions and propose a successful alternative.

Main Methods:

  • Critique of Schwenkler's proposed revisions to Held et al.'s experiment.
  • Analysis of assumptions regarding depth cue appreciation in newly sighted subjects.
  • Evaluation of simplifying stimuli to planar objects versus allowing subject movement.

Main Results:

  • Schwenkler's proposal allowing subject movement is flawed due to questionable assumptions about depth cue perception.
  • Simplifying stimuli to planar objects provides a successful experimental revision.
  • This planar object approach avoids flaws in the original experiment and Schwenkler's first revision.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed planar object simplification offers a viable method for re-addressing Molyneux's question.
  • This approach overcomes limitations identified in previous experimental designs and critiques.