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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Clinical review: Functioning gonadotroph adenomas.

Georgia Ntali¹, Cristina Capatina, Ashley Grossman

¹Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

|August 29, 2014

Summary

Functioning gonadotroph adenomas (FGAs) are rare pituitary tumors. Surgical removal is primary treatment, but long-term follow-up is essential due to recurrence risk.

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Published on: February 23, 2010

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Functioning gonadotroph adenomas (FGAs) are rare pituitary tumors secreting active gonadotropins.
Existing literature consists primarily of small case series and individual case reports.
This review synthesizes available data to guide patient follow-up.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize published data on functioning gonadotroph adenomas (FGAs).
To provide guidance on the follow-up of patients diagnosed with FGAs.
To consolidate understanding of this rare pituitary tumor entity.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of English articles in PubMed up to December 2013.
Utilized search terms including "functioning gonadotroph adenomas," "FSH secreting adenomas," and "LH secreting adenomas."
Reviewed presenting manifestations, management strategies, and long-term outcomes of reported FGA cases.

Main Results:

Functioning gonadotroph adenomas present with distinct clinical manifestations.
Most reported FGAs are macroadenomas.
Pathogenesis of FGAs remains largely unknown.

Conclusions:

Surgical excision is the primary therapeutic approach for FGAs.
Long-term clinical and imaging surveillance is crucial due to the risk of tumor recurrence.
Radiotherapy may be considered; medical therapies show limited efficacy for tumor control.