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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Nonequilibrium electron rings for synchrotron radiation production
Hywel Owen1, Peter H Williams2, Scott Stevenson3
1The University of Manchester and Cockcroft Institute, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
Electron storage rings used for the production of synchrotron radiation (SR) have an output photon brightness that is limited by the equilibrium beam emittance. By using interleaved injection and ejection of bunches from a source with repetition rate greater than 1 kHz, we show that it is practicable to overcome this limit in rings of energy ∼1 GeV. Sufficiently short kicker pulse lengths enable effective currents of many milliamperes, which can deliver a significant flux of diffraction-limited soft x-ray photons. Thus, either existing SR facilities may be adapted for nonequilibrium operation, or the technique applied to construct SR rings smaller than their storage ring equivalent.
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