Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

5.1K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute...
5.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.9K
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

2.8K
In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...
2.8K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

51.5K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
51.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.7K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transverse Force Distributions in the Proton from Lattice QCD.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

New Data-Driven Constraints on the Sign of Gluon Polarization in the Proton.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Sensitivity of Parity-Violating Electron Scattering to a Dark Photon.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Isovector EMC Effect from Global QCD Analysis with MARATHON Data.

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

Do Short-Range Correlations Cause the Nuclear EMC Effect in the Deuteron?

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

The effect of bacteriochlorophyll derivative WST-D and near infrared light on the molecular and fibrillar architecture of the corneal stroma.

Scientific reports·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
11:19

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Published on: July 4, 2016

9.9K

Octet spin fractions and the proton spin problem.

P E Shanahan1, A W Thomas1, K Tsushima1

  • 1CSSM and ARC Centre of Excellence for Particle Physics at the Tera-scale, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The proton

More Related Videos

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

16.8K
Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
08:03

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
11:19

Site Directed Spin Labeling and EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

Published on: July 4, 2016

9.9K
Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

16.8K
Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
08:03

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Background:

  • The proton's spin fraction carried by quarks is a significant challenge in understanding the strong interaction.
  • Previous research involved experiments and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) studies of the nucleon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the observed spin suppression in protons is a general property or specific to baryon structure.
  • To explore quark spin contributions in other baryon octet members using lattice QCD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recent advancements in lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
  • Extracting quark spin fractions for various baryon octet members.
  • Comparing lattice QCD results with a theoretical model incorporating confinement, relativity, gluon exchange, and meson cloud effects.

Main Results:

  • Determined quark spin fractions for members of the baryon octet.
  • Found that the spin suppression observed in protons may depend on baryon structure.
  • Achieved satisfactory agreement between lattice QCD calculations and the theoretical model.

Conclusions:

  • The spin carried by quarks in the proton is not a universal property across all baryons.
  • Lattice QCD provides a powerful tool for studying nucleon spin structure.
  • The theoretical model shows good agreement with lattice QCD results, validating its components.