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T cell memory. Resident memory CD8 T cells trigger protective innate and adaptive immune responses
Jason M Schenkel1, Kathryn A Fraser1, Lalit K Beura1
1Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 30, 2014
Summary
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (T(RM) cells) can provide near-sterilizing immunity against viral infections. These cells trigger rapid immune responses by reversing information flow upon re-exposure to pathogens.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Pathogen recognition theory describes innate immune detection of microbes and subsequent CD8 T cell instruction.
- Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (T(RM) cells) are positioned at common infection sites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of T(RM) cells in antiviral immunity.
- To determine if T(RM) cells can reverse the traditional information flow in immune responses.
Main Methods:
- Studies were conducted in mouse models.
- Antigen resensitization was performed in the female reproductive mucosae.
- Immune responses triggered by T(RM) cells were analyzed.
Main Results:
- CD8(+) T(RM) cells secreted cytokines upon antigen resensitization.
- These cytokines initiated rapid local adaptive and innate immune responses.
- Near-sterilizing immunity was achieved against an unrelated viral infection.
Conclusions:
- CD8(+) T(RM) cells can achieve near-sterilizing immunity by reversing immune information flow.
- T(RM) cells rapidly induce an antiviral state by amplifying pathogen signals.
- This highlights a novel mechanism for establishing robust antiviral defense.
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