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Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Associated Cystitis.

Rizwan Hamid1, Giovanni Losco1

  • 1Department of Neurourology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK ; Department of Urology, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU UK.

Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports
|August 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect many women. Diagnosing UTIs in POP patients requires urine culture and postvoid residual (PVR) assessment, with PVR over 30 mL being a risk factor.

Keywords:
Anti-bacterial agentsAntibiotic prophylaxisBacteriuriaCystitisCystocelePelvic organ prolapseProlapsePyuriaRectoceleSurgical meshUrinary bladderUrinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence, stressUrinary incontinence, urgeUrinary tractUrinary tract infectionsVagina

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Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent conditions affecting women.
  • UTIs are estimated to affect 40% of women, while POP affects 14% during their lifetime.

Approach:

  • Diagnosis of UTI in POP patients necessitates urine culture and postvoid residual (PVR) ultrasound.
  • PVR exceeding 30 mL is identified as an independent risk factor for UTIs.

Key Points:

  • No direct association between POP and UTI has been definitively established.
  • The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for preventing UTIs in this context remains debated.
  • Risk factors for postoperative UTIs include catheterization, recurrent UTIs, and increased urethro-anal distance, suggesting pelvic floor dysfunction's role.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of UTI in women with POP involves urine culture and PVR measurement.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between POP and UTI and to guide prophylactic antibiotic strategies.