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What a practitioner needs to know about celiac disease?

Kapil Garg1, R K Gupta

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India, drkapilgarg@hotmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten. Diagnosis involves specific antibodies and biopsies, with a lifelong gluten-free diet being the only treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.
  • It affects approximately 1% of the global population, with varied clinical presentations from intestinal to extra-intestinal manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of celiac disease, including its triggers, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the challenges and necessities of a gluten-free diet and long-term patient monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical manifestations, CD-specific antibodies (IgA tTG), upper GI endoscopy with duodenal biopsies, and HLA-DQ2/DQ8 testing.
  • Treatment involves lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Main Results:

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  • Strict avoidance of wheat, rye, barley, and derivatives leads to intestinal healing and symptom relief for most patients.
  • Newly diagnosed children require screening and treatment for micronutrient deficiencies (iron, folic acid, vitamins D and B12).

    • Conclusions:

    • A lifelong gluten-free diet is the cornerstone of celiac disease management.
    • Long-term monitoring and follow-up are essential for patients with celiac disease to ensure adherence and manage potential complications.