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Translating genomics for precision cancer medicine
Sameek Roychowdhury1, Arul M Chinnaiyan
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|September 4, 2014
Summary
The Human Genome Project advanced genomic data analysis, enabling cost-effective DNA sequencing. This facilitates precision cancer medicine by matching tumor genetic alterations to targeted therapies.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Oncology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- The Human Genome Project established a reference human genome map.
- Significant advancements in DNA sequencing technology have occurred, improving efficiency and reducing costs.
- Genomic technologies are now accessible for widespread application, costing under $5,000 per genome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the integration of cancer genomics and clinical oncology.
- To discuss the potential for delivering precision cancer medicine.
Main Methods:
- Review of technological advancements in DNA sequencing.
- Analysis of the application of cancer genomics in clinical research.
- Discussion of molecularly targeted therapies based on tumor genetic alterations.
Main Results:
- DNA sequencing costs have decreased dramatically (over a millionfold improvement).
- Cancer genomics research has yielded basic discoveries.
- Opportunities for translating genomic findings to individual patient care have emerged.
Conclusions:
- Cancer genomics research is crucial for advancing personalized medicine.
- Matching tumor genetic alterations with targeted therapies is key to precision cancer medicine.
- Integrating cancer genomics with clinical oncology enables tailored patient treatment strategies.
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