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Area of Science:

  • Plant developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1) is essential for position-dependent signaling in plants, comprising transmembrane (MEM), protease catalytic, and regulatory domains.
  • The MEM domain's sensory Loop is hypothesized to be involved in regulating DEK1 activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the MEM domain's sensory Loop in the developmental regulation of DEK1 activity in Physcomitrella patens.
  • To explore the evolutionary conservation and functional divergence of the DEK1 Loop across land plants.

Main Methods:

  • Generated and analyzed a dek1∆loop mutant in Physcomitrella patens.
  • Performed cross-species complementation assays using DEK1 Loop sequences from Marchantia polymorpha, Zea mays, and Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Conducted bioinformatic analysis of the MEM domain and transcriptome analysis of wild-type and ∆dek1 tissues.

Main Results:

  • The dek1∆loop mutant exhibits aberrant gametophore development and misregulated mitotic activity, unlike the correct division plane positioning in the apical cell.
  • The DEK1 Loop sequence from Marchantia polymorpha fully complements the dek1∆loop phenotype, while maize and Arabidopsis sequences cause growth defects.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed DEK1's influence on cell wall remodeling and transcription factors regulating bud initiation (APB2, APB3).

Conclusions:

  • The sensory Loop of the DEK1 MEM domain is critical for regulating DEK1 activity and proper plant development.
  • Sequence variability in the DEK1 Loop contributes to functional differences across land plant species.
  • DEK1 is the sole calpain in land plants, suggesting its retention was key during early land plant evolution.