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Relationship between nutrition and blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis from the NutriNet-Santé Study, a French
Helene Lelong1, Pilar Galan2, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot2
1Paris-Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris; Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Paris, France; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité University; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit-UMR U1153 INSERM, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologies et Biostatistiques Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France;
Background:
Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Lifestyle behaviors for its prevention and control are recommended within worldwide guidelines. Nevertheless, their combined relationship with blood pressure (BP) level, particularly in the general population, would need more investigations. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the relative impact of lifestyle and nutritional factors on BP level.
Methods:
Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from 8,670 volunteers from the NutriNet-Santé Study, an ongoing French web-based cohort study. Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-hour records. Information on lifestyle factors was collected using questionnaires and 3 BP measurements following a standardized protocol. Age-adjusted associations and then multivariate associations between systolic BP (SBP) and lifestyle behaviors were estimated using multiple linear regressions.
Results:
SBP was higher in participants with elevated body mass indices (BMIs). Salt intake was positively associated with SBP in men but not in women. The negative relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and SBP was significant in both sexes. Alcohol intake was positively associated with SBP in both sexes; physical activity was not. The 5 parameters representing the well-accepted modifiable factors for hypertension reduction plus age and education level, accounted for 19.7% of the SBP variance in women and 12.8% in men. Considering their squared partial correlation coefficient, age and BMI were the most important parameters relating to SBP level. Salt intake was not associated with SBP in either sex after multiple adjustments.
Conclusions:
BMI was the main contributory modifiable factor of BP level after multiple adjustments.
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