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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Veneer

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Veneer refers to a thin sheet of wood, typically produced to a thickness of about one-eighth of an inch or less. This material is crafted through various methods, the most common being rotary cutting. In this process, a log is mounted into a large lathe and spun against a knife edge, peeling off a continuous strip of wood as the knife penetrates deeper into the rotating log, creating a rotary-cut veneer.
Other veneering techniques include plain-slicing, quarter-slicing, and rift-slicing. These...
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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Proteins, pathogens, and failure at the composite-tooth interface.

P Spencer1, Q Ye2, A Misra3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Bioengineering Research Center pspencer@ku.edu.

Journal of Dental Research
|September 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Composite dental restorations are increasingly used but fail twice as often as amalgam. Biodegradation of the adhesive bond by biofilm and bacteria leads to composite failure, necessitating new strategies for improved longevity.

Keywords:
Streptococcus mutansbiofilmdentin bonding agentsesterasesgp340methacrylate

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Oral Microbiology
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Composite restorations are increasingly prevalent, replacing dental amalgam due to perceived benefits.
  • However, composite restorations exhibit a higher failure rate compared to amalgam, with double the incidence.
  • Key failure mechanisms include increased biofilm accumulation, secondary decay, and reduced lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the material and biological factors contributing to composite restoration degradation.
  • To explore the structural and molecular mechanisms of biofilm recruitment at the composite-tooth interface.
  • To discuss innovative strategies for enhancing the longevity of dental composites.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on composite degradation and biofilm formation.
  • Analysis of the interactions between salivary pellicle proteins, bacteria, and adhesive interfaces.
  • Examination of the biochemical processes involved in adhesive hydrolysis and dentinal matrix degradation.

Main Results:

  • In vivo biodegradation of the adhesive bond is a primary driver of composite failure.
  • Salivary proteins like gp340 facilitate biofilm attachment, recruiting Streptococcus mutans.
  • Bacterial lactic acid production lowers pH, demineralizes tooth structure, and hydrolyzes the adhesive.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular basis of biofilm recruitment is crucial for developing durable dental composites.
  • Strategies targeting adhesive biodegradation and bacterial virulence are essential for mitigating composite failure.
  • Further research into innovative materials and treatments is needed to improve the clinical performance of composite restorations.