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Ionic self-assembly for functional hierarchical nanostructured materials.

Charl F J Faul1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|September 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic self-assembly (ISA) offers a versatile route to construct functional soft materials. Combining ISA with block copolymer self-assembly enables the creation of complex, hierarchical materials for applications like energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Constructing functional soft materials across multiple length scales presents a significant challenge.
  • Self-assembly principles, driven by noncovalent interactions, offer a powerful approach.
  • Ionic self-assembly (ISA) utilizes electrostatic interactions for controlled material construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of ionic self-assembly (ISA) for creating functional nanostructured materials.
  • To investigate the incorporation of switchable functionalities, such as photoactivity and electroactivity.
  • To combine ISA with block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly for hierarchical material construction.

Main Methods:

  • Employed ISA using charged surfactants and oppositely charged building blocks (tectons).
  • Investigated thermotropic and lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases using X-ray and microscopy.
  • Integrated photoactive (azobenzene) and biologically relevant (deoxyguanosine monophosphate) tectons.
  • Combined ISA with BCP self-assembly, tuning parameters like volume fractions and molecular frustration.

Main Results:

  • Developed rules for constructing novel noncovalent liquid-crystalline materials, particularly with branched double-tailed surfactants.
  • Demonstrated photo-orientation and surface relief grating formation in azobenzene-containing ISA materials.
  • Achieved facile construction of complex, hierarchical functional materials by combining ISA with BCP self-assembly.
  • Identified design rules for novel supramolecular morphologies using BCP assembly and incommensurability.

Conclusions:

  • ISA, especially when combined with BCP self-assembly and control over noncovalent interactions, provides a versatile toolkit for constructing complex, hierarchical functional materials.
  • This approach facilitates the rational design and production of materials with tunable properties and internal structures.
  • Future applications in energy storage and generation are promising, with a focus on developing functional mesoscale objects.