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Sensitization to apomorphine in pigeons: a multifactorial conditioning process.

Juan D Delius1, Martin J Acerbo, Ines Krug

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Behavioural Pharmacology
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Summary
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Sensitization to apomorphine (apo) in pigeons demonstrates conditioning, where drug states become conditioned stimuli. This conditioning is context-specific and can be enhanced, suggesting a conditioning schema for drug sensitization.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Pharmacology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Apomorphine (apo), a dopamine agonist, induces pecking behavior in pigeons.
  • Repeated apo administration leads to sensitization, with genetic factors influencing sensitivity.
  • Conditioning plays a role in apo sensitization, showing cage-context dependency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of conditioning in apomorphine-induced sensitization in pigeons.
  • To explore the context dependency and discriminative properties of apo-induced states.
  • To propose a conditioning schema for drug sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Dose-response studies with apomorphine in pigeons.
  • Assessment of sensitization following repeated apo administration.
  • Conditioning experiments to establish stimulus discrimination and context dependency.
  • Oversensitization treatments to modify conditioned responses.

Main Results:

  • Apomorphine induced dose-dependent pecking and sensitization.
  • Sensitization exhibited strong cage-context dependency, indicating conditioning.
  • Pigeons could discriminate between apo and non-apo states, with conditioned responses specific to the conditioning context.
  • Conditioned response resistance to extinction was increased by oversensitization.

Conclusions:

  • Apomorphine sensitization in pigeons is well explained by a conditioning schema where interoceptive drug states act as conditioned stimuli.
  • This conditioning schema may also apply to psychostimulant sensitization in rodents.
  • A neural model has been proposed to embody the characteristics of this conditioning scheme.