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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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Packing frustration in dense confined fluids.

Kim Nygård1, Sten Sarman2, Roland Kjellander1

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Packing frustration in confined fluids arises from the mismatch between particle preferences and surface constraints. This study reveals fluid ordering is locally governed by interfaces, though non-superposition effects remain significant.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Confined fluids exhibit unique behaviors due to surface interactions.
  • Packing frustration occurs when fluid particle arrangements conflict with geometric constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate packing frustration in dense hard-sphere fluids.
  • Analyze the mechanism of frustration at short separations between planar surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Integral equation theory for inhomogeneous fluids.
  • Anisotropic Percus-Yevick approximation.
  • Analysis of anisotropic pair distributions and mean forces.

Main Results:

  • Fluid ordering is primarily governed by local packing constraints at solid-fluid interfaces.
  • Mean forces acting on particles reveal intricate layer structure changes with slit width.
  • Superposition of forces provides good density profile estimates, but misses some confinement effects.

Conclusions:

  • Local interface constraints dictate fluid ordering in confined systems.
  • Non-trivial confinement effects, like excess adsorption, are not explained by simple superposition models.