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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Efficient Method for Imaging Murine Lungs that Preserves Spatial Dynamics of Fungal Spores in the Airways
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Helminths in the lungs.

J M Craig1, A L Scott

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Parasite Immunology
|September 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helminth parasites infect over a billion people, often causing chronic illness. This review explores how these parasites interact with the lungs and impact host immunity.

Keywords:
filariasishookworminnate immunitylung inflammationmucosal immunityschistosomiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Parasitic helminths cause widespread chronic infections affecting human health and productivity.
  • Many helminths exhibit complex migratory patterns through host organ systems.
  • Interactions with respiratory tissues and the pulmonary immune system are a key focus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between helminth parasites and the lung environment.
  • To examine the impact of these interactions on host immunity.
  • To understand the consequences for the evolution of parasitism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on helminth-lung interactions.
  • Analysis of host-parasite dynamics within the pulmonary system.
  • Synthesis of immunological responses to helminth infections in the lungs.

Main Results:

  • Helminth parasites engage in specific interactions within the lung environment.
  • These interactions modulate the pulmonary immune system.
  • The host-parasite relationship influences the evolutionary trajectory of helminth infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding helminth-lung interactions is crucial for comprehending host-parasite co-evolution.
  • Pulmonary immune responses are significantly shaped by helminth presence.
  • Further research into these interactions can inform therapeutic strategies.